admission to a state or federal bar, disbarment, and attorney discipline (cf. loyalty oath: bar applicants) admission to, or disbarment from, Bar of the U.S. Supreme Court attorneys' and governmental employees' or officials' fees or compensation or licenses commercial speech, attorneys (cf. commercial speech)

affirmative action ballot access (of candidates and political parties) debtors' rights deportation (cf. immigration and naturalization) desegregation (other than as pertains to school desegregation, employment discrimination, and affirmative action) desegregation, schools employability of aliens (cf. immigration and naturalization) employment discrimination: on basis of race, age, religion, illegitimacy, national origin, or working conditions. handicapped, rights of: under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and related statutes illegitimates, rights of (cf. juveniles): typically inheritance and survivor's benefits, and paternity suits immigration and naturalization: access to public education immigration and naturalization: citizenship immigration and naturalization: loss of citizenship, denaturalization immigration and naturalization: miscellaneous immigration and naturalization: permanent residence immigration and naturalization: welfare benefits Indians (other than pertains to state jurisdiction over) Indians, state jurisdiction over indigents: appointment of counsel (cf. right to counsel) indigents: assistance of psychiatrist indigents: costs or filing fees indigents: inadequate representation by counsel (cf. right to counsel) indigents: miscellaneous indigents: payment of fine indigents: transcript indigents: U.S. Supreme Court docketing fee juveniles (cf. rights of illegitimates) liability, civil rights acts (cf. liability, governmental and liability, nongovernmental; cruel and unusual punishment, non-death penalty) military: active duty military: draftee, or person subject to induction military: veteran miscellaneous civil rights (cf. comity: civil rights) poverty law, constitutional poverty law, statutory: welfare benefits, typically under some Social Security Act provision. reapportionment: other than plans governed by the Voting Rights Act residency requirements: durational, plus discrimination against nonresidents sex discrimination (excluding sex discrimination in employment) sex discrimination in employment (cf. sex discrimination) sit-in demonstrations (protests against racial discrimination in places of public accommodation) slavery or indenture voting Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments

confrontation (right to confront accuser, call and cross-examine witnesses) contempt of court or congress cruel and unusual punishment, death penalty (cf. extra legal jury influence, death penalty) cruel and unusual punishment, non-death penalty (cf. liability, civil rights acts) discovery and inspection (in the context of criminal litigation only, otherwise Freedom of Information Act and related federal or state statutes or regulations) double jeopardy ex post facto (state) extra-legal jury influences: contact with jurors outside courtroom extra-legal jury influences: jurors and death penalty (cf. cruel and unusual punishment) extra-legal jury influences: jury instructions (not necessarily in criminal cases) extra-legal jury influences: miscellaneous extra-legal jury influences: prejudicial statements or evidence extra-legal jury influences: pretrial publicity extra-legal jury influences: prison garb or appearance extra-legal jury influences: voir dire (not necessarily a criminal case) Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure habeas corpus involuntary confession jury trial (right to, as distinct from extra-legal jury influences) line-up Miranda warnings miscellaneous criminal procedure (cf. due process, prisoners' rights, comity: criminal procedure) plea bargaining: the constitutionality of and/or the circumstances of its exercise retroactivity (of newly announced or newly enacted constitutional or statutory rights) right to counsel (cf. indigents appointment of counsel or inadequate representation) search and seizure (other than as pertains to vehicles or Crime Control Act) search and seizure, Crime Control Act search and seizure, vehicles self-incrimination (other than as pertains to Miranda or immunity from prosecution) self-incrimination, immunity from prosecution speedy trial statutory construction of criminal laws: assault statutory construction of criminal laws: bank robbery statutory construction of criminal laws: conspiracy (cf. subconstitutional fair procedure: conspiracy) statutory construction of criminal laws: escape from custody statutory construction of criminal laws: false statements (cf. statutory construction of criminal laws: perjury) statutory construction of criminal laws: financial (other than in fraud or internal revenue) statutory construction of criminal laws: firearms statutory construction of criminal laws: fraud statutory construction of criminal laws: gambling statutory construction of criminal laws: Hobbs Act; i.e., 18 USC 1951 statutory construction of criminal laws: immigration (cf. immigration and naturalization) statutory construction of criminal laws: internal revenue (cf. Federal Taxation) statutory construction of criminal laws: Mann Act and related statutes statutory construction of criminal laws: miscellaneous statutory construction of criminal laws: narcotics includes regulation and prohibition of alcohol statutory construction of criminal laws: obstruction of justice statutory construction of criminal laws: perjury (other than as pertains to statutory construction of criminal laws: false statements) statutory construction of criminal laws: sentencing guidelines statutory construction of criminal laws: Travel Act, 18 USC 1952 statutory construction of criminal laws: war crimes subconstitutional fair procedure: confession of error subconstitutional fair procedure: conspiracy (cf. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: conspiracy) subconstitutional fair procedure: entrapment subconstitutional fair procedure: exhaustion of remedies subconstitutional fair procedure: fugitive from justice subconstitutional fair procedure: miscellaneous subconstitutional fair procedure: presentation, admissibility, or sufficiency of evidence (not necessarily a criminal case) subconstitutional fair procedure: stay of execution subconstitutional fair procedure: timeliness

due process: hearing or notice (other than as pertains to government employees or prisoners' rights) due process: hearing, government employees due process: impartial decision maker due process: jurisdiction (jurisdiction over non-resident litigants) due process: miscellaneous (cf. loyalty oath), the residual code due process: prisoners' rights and defendants' rights due process: takings clause, or other non-constitutional governmental taking of property

antitrust (except in the context of mergers and union antitrust) arbitration (other than as pertains to labor-management or employer-employee relations (cf. union arbitration) bankruptcy (except in the context of priority of federal fiscal claims) corruption, governmental or governmental regulation of other than as in campaign spending election of remedies: legal remedies available to injured persons or things Employee Retirement Income Security Act (cf. union trust funds) federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: cable television (cf. radio and television) federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: electric power federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: gas pipeline (cf. federal transportation regulation: pipeline) federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: gas producer federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: nuclear power federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: oil producer federal and some few state regulation of public utilities regulation: radio and television (cf. cable television) federal and some few state regulation of transportation regulation: airline federal and some few state regulation of transportation regulation: pipeline (cf. federal public utilities regulation: gas pipeline) federal and some few state regulation of transportation regulation:truck, or motor carrier federal and some few state regulations of public utilities regulation: telephone or telegraph company federal and some few state regulations of transportation regulation: boat federal or state consumer protection: typically under the Truth in Lending; Food, Drug and Cosmetic; and Consumer Protection Credit Acts federal or state regulation of securities federal or state regulation of transportation regulation: railroad liability, governmental: tort or contract actions by or against government or governmental officials other than defense of criminal actions brought under a civil rights action. liability, other than as in sufficiency of evidence, election of remedies, punitive damages liability, punitive damages mergers miscellaneous economic regulation natural resources - environmental protection (cf. national supremacy: natural resources, national supremacy: pollution) patents and copyrights: copyright patents and copyrights: patent patents and copyrights: patentability of computer processes patents and copyrights: trademark state and territorial land claims state or local government regulation, especially of business (cf. federal pre-emption of state court jurisdiction, federal pre-emption of state legislation or regulation) state or local government tax sufficiency of evidence: typically in the context of a jury's determination of compensation for injury or death zoning: constitutionality of such ordinances, or restrictions on owners' or lessors' use of real property

federal taxation of gifts, personal, business, or professional expenses federal taxation, typically under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code miscellaneous federal taxation (cf. national supremacy: state tax) priority of federal fiscal claims: over those of the states or private entities

federal pre-emption of state court jurisdiction federal pre-emption of state legislation or regulation. cf. state regulation of business. rarely involves union activity. Does not involve constitutional interpretation unless the Court says it does. federal-state ownership dispute (cf. Submerged Lands Act) miscellaneous federalism national supremacy: commodities national supremacy: intergovernmental tax immunity national supremacy: marital and family relationships and property, including obligation of child support national supremacy: miscellaneous national supremacy: natural resources (cf. natural resources - environmental protection) national supremacy: pollution, air or water (cf. natural resources - environmental protection) national supremacy: public utilities (cf. federal public utilities regulation) national supremacy: state tax (cf. state tax) Submerged Lands Act (cf. federal-state ownership dispute)

campaign spending (cf. governmental corruption): commercial speech, excluding attorneys conscientious objectors (cf. military draftee or military active duty) to military service establishment of religion (other than as pertains to parochiaid:) federal or state internal security legislation: Smith, Internal Security, and related federal statutes First Amendment, miscellaneous (cf. comity: First Amendment) free exercise of religion legislative investigations: concerning internal security only libel, defamation: defamation of public officials and public and private persons libel, privacy: true and false light invasions of privacy loyalty oath or non-Communist affidavit (other than bar applicants, government employees, political party, or teacher) loyalty oath: bar applicants (cf. admission to bar, state or federal or U.S. Supreme Court) loyalty oath: government employees loyalty oath: political party loyalty oath: teachers obscenity, federal obscenity, state (cf. comity: privacy): including the regulation of sexually explicit material under the 21st Amendment parochiaid: government aid to religious schools, or religious requirements in public schools protest demonstrations (other than as pertains to sit-in demonstrations): demonstrations and other forms of protest based on First Amendment guarantees security risks: denial of benefits or dismissal of employees for reasons other than failure to meet loyalty oath requirements

boundary dispute between states miscellaneous interstate relations conflict non-real property dispute between states

assessment of costs or damages: as part of a court order comity primarily removal cases, civil procedure (cf. comity, criminal and First Amendment); deference to foreign judicial tribunals comity: civil rights comity: criminal procedure comity: First Amendment comity: habeas corpus comity: military comity: miscellaneous comity: obscenity comity: privacy Federal Rules of Civil Procedure including Supreme Court Rules, application of the Federal Rules of Evidence, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in civil litigation, Circuit Court Rules, and state rules and admiralty rules judicial administration: Act of State doctrine judicial administration: ancillary or pendent jurisdiction judicial administration: certification (cf. objection to reason for denial of certiorari or appeal) judicial administration: change in state law (cf. no merits: remand to determine basis of state court decision) judicial administration: collateral estoppel or res judicata judicial administration: extraordinary relief (e.g., mandamus, injunction) judicial administration: federal question (cf. no merits: dismissed for want of a substantial or properly presented federal question) judicial administration: interpleader judicial administration: jurisdiction or authority of federal courts of appeals judicial administration: jurisdiction or authority of federal district courts or territorial courts judicial administration: jurisdiction or authority of the Court of Claims judicial administration: miscellaneous judicial administration: objection to reason for denial of certiorari or appeal judicial administration: resolution of circuit conflict, or conflict between or among other courts judicial administration: review of non-final order judicial administration: Supreme Court jurisdiction or authority on appeal or writ of error, from federal district courts or courts of appeals (cf. 753) judicial administration: Supreme Court jurisdiction or authority on appeal or writ of error, from highest state court judicial administration: Supreme Court's original jurisdiction judicial administration: untimely filing judicial review of administrative agency's or administrative official's actions and procedures miscellaneous judicial power, especially diversity jurisdiction mootness (cf. standing to sue: live dispute) no merits: adequate non-federal grounds for decision no merits: dismissed or affirmed for want of a substantial or properly presented federal question, or a nonsuit no merits: dismissed or affirmed for want of jurisdiction (cf. judicial administration: Supreme Court jurisdiction or authority on appeal from federal district courts or courts of appeals) no merits: miscellaneous no merits: remand to determine basis of state or federal court decision (cf. judicial administration: state law) no merits: writ improvidently granted standing to sue: adversary parties standing to sue: direct injury standing to sue: justiciable question standing to sue: legal injury standing to sue: live dispute standing to sue: miscellaneous standing to sue: parens patriae standing standing to sue: personal injury standing to sue: private or implied cause of action standing to sue: statutory standing standing to sue: taxpayer's suit Supreme Court's certiorari, writ of error, or appeals jurisdiction venue

executive authority vis-a-vis congress or the states incorporation of foreign territories legislative veto miscellaneous

abortion: including contraceptives Freedom of Information Act and related federal or state statutes or regulations privacy (cf. libel, comity: privacy) right to die

civil procedure commercial transactions contracts evidence personal property real property torts wills and trusts

arbitration (in the context of labor-management or employer-employee relations) (cf. arbitration) Fair Labor Standards Act labor-management disputes: antistrike injunction labor-management disputes: bargaining labor-management disputes: distribution of union literature labor-management disputes: employee discharge labor-management disputes: jurisdictional dispute labor-management disputes: miscellaneous dispute labor-management disputes: no-strike clause labor-management disputes: picketing labor-management disputes: representative election labor-management disputes: right to organize labor-management disputes: secondary activity labor-management disputes: union representatives labor-management disputes: union trust funds (cf. ERISA) labor-management disputes: working conditions miscellaneous union Occupational Safety and Health Act union antitrust: legality of anticompetitive union activity union or closed shop: includes agency shop litigation union-union member dispute (except as pertains to union or closed shop)

'contract clause' (No Article to be added) 'freedom of contract' (Again, no article) Amendment Clause Article I, Section 1 (delegation of powers) Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder or ex post facto law) Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or bills of credit) Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 1 (contract clause) Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 2 (export-import clause) Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 3 (compact clause) Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (composition of the House of Representatives) Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 3 (apportionment of Representatives) Article I, Section 4, Paragraph 1 (elections clause) Article I, Section 5, Paragraph 1 (congressional qualifications) Article I, Section 6, Paragraph 1 (speech or debate clause) Article I, Section 6, Paragraph 2 (civil appointments) Article I, Section 7, Paragraph 1 (origination clause) Article I, Section 7, Paragraph 2 (separation of powers) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1 (taxing, spending, general welfare, or uniformity clause) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 11 (war power) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 14 (governance of the armed forces) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 15 (call-up of militia) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 16 (organizing the militia) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 17 (governance of the District of Columbia and lands purchased from the states) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 18 (necessary and proper clause) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 4 (bankruptcy clause) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 7 (postal power) Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 8 (patent and copyright clause) Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 2 (suspension of the writ of habeas corpus) Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 3 (bill of attainder or ex post facto law) Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 4 (direct tax) Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 5 (export clause) Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 6 (preference to ports) Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 7 (appropriations clause) Article II, Section 1 (executive power) Article II, Section 1, Paragraph 8 (oath provision) Article II, Section 2 (commander-in-chief) Article II, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (presidential pardoning power) Article II, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (appointments clause) Article III, Section 1, Paragraph 1 (judicial power) Article III, Section 1, Paragraph 2 (good behavior and compensation clause of federal judges) Article III, Section 2 (extent of judicial power) Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement) Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (original jurisdiction) Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 3 (vicinage requirement) Article III, Section 3 (treason clause) Article IV, Section 1 (full faith and credit clause) Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (privileges and immunities clause) Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (extradition clause) Article IV, Section 3, Paragraph 2 (property clause) Article IV, Section 4 (guarantee clause) Article V, Section 1 (courts) Article VI, Section 2 (supremacy clause) Article VI, Section 3 (oath provision)

Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment) Eighth Amendment (prohibition of excessive bail) Eighth Amendment (prohibition of excessive fines) Eleventh Amendment Fifteenth Amendment (enforcement clause) Fifteenth Amendment (other provisions) Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy) Fifth Amendment (due process) Fifth Amendment (equal protection) Fifth Amendment (grand jury) Fifth Amendment (Miranda warnings) Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination) Fifth Amendment (takings clause) First Amendment (association) First Amendment (establishment of religion) First Amendment (free exercise of religion) First Amendment (petition clause) First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly) Fourteenth Amendment (citizenship clause) Fourteenth Amendment (due process and equal protection) Fourteenth Amendment (due process) Fourteenth Amendment (enforcement clause) Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection) Fourteenth Amendment (privileges and immunities clause) Fourteenth Amendment (reduction in representation clause) Fourteenth Amendment (takings clause) Fourth Amendment Ninth Amendment Second Amendment Seventeenth Amendment Seventh Amendment Sixteenth Amendment Sixth Amendment (other provisions) Sixth Amendment (right to confront and cross-examine, compulsory process) Sixth Amendment (right to counsel) Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury) Sixth Amendment (speedy trial) Tenth Amendment Thirteenth Amendment (both sections 1 and 2) Twelfth Amendment Twenty-First Amendment Twenty-Fourth Amendment

28 U.S.C. § 2241-2255 (habeas corpus) Administrative Procedure, or Administrative Orders Review Age Discrimination in Employment Aid to Families with Dependent Children provisions of the Social Security Act, plus amendments Americans with Disabilities Act Atomic Energy Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 Civil Rights Act of 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (other) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (public accommodations) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title II) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title IV) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title IX) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) Civil Rights Act of 1991 Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Clayton Clean Air, plus amendments Communication Act of 1934, as amended Education Amendments of 1972 Education of the Handicapped, Education for All Handicapped Children, or Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts, or related statutes, as amended Elementary and Secondary Education Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended Equal Access to Justice Fair Housing Fair Labor Standards Family Educational Rights and Privacy (Buckley Amendment) Federal Arbitration Act Federal Election Campaign Federal Employees' Compensation Federal Employers' Liability, as amended Federal False Claims Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic, and related statutes Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Federal Power Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute Federal Trade Commission Federal Water Pollution Control (Clean Water), plus amendments Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended Internal Revenue Code and pre-IRC revenue acts Internal Security (also see 369) Interstate Commerce, as amended Jencks Jones, or Death on the High Seas Judiciary Act of 1789 Labor-Management Relations Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Longshoremen and Harbor Workers' Compensation Medicaid provisions of the Social Security Act Medicare provisions of the Social Security Act Miller Motor Carrier National Environmental Policy National Labor Relations, as amended Natural Gas, or Natural Gas Policy Acts Norris-LaGuardia Occupational Safety and Health Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets, National Firearms, Organized Crime Control, Comprehensive Crime Control, or Gun Control Acts Public Utility Regulatory Policy Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Railway Labor Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1971) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1978) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1981) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1982) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1983) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1985) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1986) Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. § 1999) Rehabilitation Religious Freedom Restoration Robinson-Patman Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act Selective Service, Military Selective Service, or Universal Military Service and Training Acts Sherman Smith, Subversive Activities Control, Communist Control, or other similar federal legislation (also see 346) Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act State Law Statutory provisions of the District of Columbia Submerged Lands Acts Supplemental Security Income Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended Truth in Lending Tucker Universal Code of Military Justice Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Judicial Code, and admiralty rules Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court Federal Rules of Evidence Supreme Court Rules

Abstention Doctrine Emergency Price Control Estoppel Exclusionary Rule (Fourth Amendment) Exclusionary Rule (Miranda warnings) Exclusionary Rule (Right to Counsel) Executive Order Harmless Error International Law Interstate Compact Res Judicata Retroactive application of a constitutional right Territory Statute Treaty Writ Improvidently Granted

Infrequently litigated statutes

State or Local Law Regulation

No Legal Provision